Write the Ground State Electron Configuration for W
Tungsten History
The element Tungsten was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in year 1783 in Spain . Tungsten derived its name from the Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)
Tungsten Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Tungsten in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 5×10-8% |
| Abundance in Sun | 4×10-7% |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 1.2e-07 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1.1e-06 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 1.2×10-8% |
| Abundance in Humans | N/A |
Crystal Structure of Tungsten
The solid state structure of Tungsten is Body Centered Cubic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 316.52 | 316.52 | 316.52 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Tungsten Atomic and Orbital Properties
Tungsten atoms have 74 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 5D0.
Shell Structure of Tungsten - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | 2 | |||
| 2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
| 3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
| 4 | N | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 |
| 5 | O | 2 | 6 | 4 | |
| 6 | P | 2 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Tungsten - neutral Tungsten atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Tungsten atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. The portion of Tungsten configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f14 5d4 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Tungsten
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Tungsten atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d4 6s2
Atomic Structure of Tungsten
Tungsten atomic radius is 193 pm, while it's covalent radius is 146 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Tungsten
Tungsten Chemical Properties: Tungsten Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Tungsten is 78.6 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Tungsten
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Tungsten
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1 | 770 |
| 2 | 1.7×103 |
Tungsten Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Tungsten Physical Properties
| Density | 19.25 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 9.55012987013 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Tungsten - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Tungsten Electrical Properties
Tungsten is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Tungsten
Tungsten Heat and Conduction Properties
Tungsten Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Tungsten
Acoustic Properties of Tungsten
Tungsten Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Tungsten
Enthalpies of Tungsten
Tungsten Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Tungsten
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Tungsten has 5 stable isotope - 180W, 182W, 183W, 184W, 186W.
| Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 158W | ||||
| 159W | ||||
| 160W | ||||
| 161W | ||||
| 162W | ||||
| 163W | ||||
| 164W | ||||
| 165W | ||||
| 166W | ||||
| 167W | ||||
| 168W | ||||
| 169W | ||||
| 170W | ||||
| 171W | ||||
| 172W | ||||
| 173W | ||||
| 174W | ||||
| 175W | ||||
| 176W | ||||
| 177W | ||||
| 178W | ||||
| 179W | ||||
| 180W | 0.12% | Stable | N/A | |
| 181W | ||||
| 182W | 26.5% | Stable | N/A | |
| 183W | 14.31% | Stable | N/A | |
| 184W | 30.64% | Stable | N/A | |
| 185W | ||||
| 186W | 28.43% | Stable | N/A | |
| 187W | ||||
| 188W | ||||
| 189W | ||||
| 190W | ||||
| 191W | ||||
| 192W |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7440-33-7 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSYO7175000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 2 |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 1 |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-33-7 |
| CID Number | CID23964 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | RTECSYO7175000 |
Write the Ground State Electron Configuration for W
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/w-tungsten#:~:text=The%20ground%20state%20electronic%20configuration,%5BXe%5D%204f14%205d4%206s2.
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